Information for making proteins is passed down from generation to generation through DNA. it involves an essential process that entails taking information from the DNA and passing it to the RNA and to proteins. this is one of the vital principles of molecular biology.
This is achieved through gene expression. Gene expression occurs in two processes: transcription and translation. during transcription, the DNA passes the information to make protein to RNA, specifically the mRNA, that is messenger RNA. Both DNA and RNA contain nucleotides, although their chemical processes are different.
The second process, translation, occurs in the cytoplasm. Here, the ribosome “reads” the mRNA nucleotides sequence. The codon, that is, a sequence of three nucleotides, codes for a specific amino acid. The transfer RNA, called tRNA, arranges the amino acids each. This arrangement of protein continues until the ribosome meets a codon that does not code for an amino acid.